The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) has raised concerns over the increased risk of meningitis across parts of northern Nigeria, warning that current dry and dusty weather conditions could accelerate the spread of the disease.
In a meningitis risk advisory issued on Thursday, the agency identified 11 states as high-risk areas based on its March 2026 environmental surveillance.
The affected states include Sokoto, Zamfara, Kebbi, Katsina, Kano, Jigawa, Adamawa, Gombe, Bauchi, Yobe and Borno.
Cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM), a severe infection that affects the brain and spinal cord, is commonly caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis and spreads through respiratory droplets, particularly in crowded or poorly ventilated environments.
NiMet warned that the disease can escalate quickly if not treated promptly.
“The disease can progress rapidly and may become life-threatening within hours if untreated. However, early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic treatment greatly improve survival and reduce complications,” the advisory reads.
The agency explained that environmental factors such as low humidity and high dust levels currently prevalent in the region create conditions that favour the emergence and transmission of the infection.
Typical symptoms of meningitis include sudden high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, nausea or vomiting and sensitivity to light.
While the northern states face the highest risk, NiMet advised residents in central parts of the country to remain alert and seek medical attention if symptoms appear early.
States such as Plateau, Oyo, Cross River, Edo, Ekiti and Enugu were listed under lower vigilance levels.
The agency noted that children, young adults and people living in overcrowded conditions are particularly vulnerable to the infection.
“Individuals exposed to dry, dusty environments and persons with weakened immune systems are also particularly vulnerable,” NiMet said.
To reduce the risk of infection, the agency urged Nigerians to adopt preventive measures, including vaccination and improved hygiene practices.
“Get vaccinated where available; maintain good personal hygiene; avoid overcrowded and poorly ventilated spaces; and seek immediate medical attention if symptoms such as high fever, severe headache or neck stiffness occur,” NiMet said.
It added that increasing public awareness and ensuring early treatment remain essential in preventing fatalities linked to meningitis.
“Protect yourself and your community. Early awareness, vaccination, and prompt treatment save lives,” the agency said.
